Brazil-Lindsay+McPhail

BRAZIL-Lindsay McPhail

-6.2 years of formal education -3 levels: (fundamental- free, mandatory for those 6-14, 8 grades, basic courses) (secondary- free, basic courses, some of agricultural training) (higher-free at public universities) -The new Constitution reserves 25% of state and municipal taxes and 18% of federal taxes for education. male: 68.3 years Female: 76.38 years Total: 72.24 years -Overall, women in Brazil have attained a high rate of literacy and comprise more than half of the tertiary school enrollments. Women’s participation in workforce dramatically increased during the past 15 years (56 percent of women take part in the labor market) -Brazilian women's comparatively high Internet use rate (43% of total users), educational attainment levels and participation in the workforce position middle-upper class women as potential leaders in the information technology (IT) workforce in Brazil -Within the IT sector, women reportedly make up only 20% of workers in Brazil's software industry and fewer women are employed in hardware jobs, such as networking -The salary gap between men and women has gotten smaller -“many young girls are beginning to open their eyes to the issues surrounding gender for the first time" -“ women have reached a higher level of education than men” - The United Nations Girls’ Education Initiative, which advocates equal access to free, quality education for all girls and boys has set up a project in Taua
 * Development :**
 * HDI Rank**: rank: 70; score: 0.800
 * GDP**: $9,700
 * Primary Sector Jobs**: (mining, farming, fishing, soybean, coffee, corn, wheat, and sugar cane production)
 * Secondary Sector Jobs**: (manufacturing [automobile], aircraft, textiles, construction, food production)
 * Tertiary Sector Jobs**: (teaching, nursing, fiscal and taxation areas, government workers, health care workers, mail, telecommunications, banking, energy, commerce, and computing)
 * Raw Materials**: (iron, tin, steel, lumber, oil, petrochemical, Iron ore, manganese, bauxite, nickel, uranium, gemstones, wood, and aluminum, has 14% of the world's renewable fresh water)
 * Consumer Goods**: (footwear, toys, electronics, clothing, food/beverage, appliances, real estate, cars, computer software, petrol products)
 * Education**: Brazilian constitution states: education “is a right for all, a duty of the State and of the family, and is to be promoted with the collaboration of society, with the objective of fully developing the person, preparing the individual for the exercise of citizenship and qualifying him/her for work".
 * Literacy**: 88.6%
 * Life Expectancy**:
 * Infant Mortality Rate**: 27.62 deaths/1,000 live births...2.762%
 * Natural Increase Rate**: 1.011%
 * Crude Birth Rate**: 16.3 births/1,000 population...1.63%
 * GDI**: 60 of 167 countries

__**//RESOURCES USED (DEVELOPMENT)://**__ [education|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil- education] [hdi|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index- hdi] https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html- all of the rates, raw materials, consumer goods [jobs|http://www.geography.learnontheinternet.co.uk/topics/empstruct.html- jobs] http://www.brazzilmag.com/content/view/5436/53/ - raw materials

 **Industry **: - urban dwellers are in need of jobs in the cities - illegal immigrants from other countries in need of jobs, they can provide cheap labor - surrounded on the west coast by Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay - plenty of markets available to the surrounding countries plus the ocean provides modes for shipping internationally -Sao Paulo has 12.26% GDP of Brazil - deforestation of the amazon region provides land for new factories - east coast surrounded by Atlantic Ocean (transportation to international markets) -Locate industries near these cities with the following populations (to decrease transportation costs by locating closer to marketsBrasilia (pop. 2.3 million). //Other cities//--Sao Paulo (10.8 million), Rio de Janeiro (6.1 million), Belo Horizonte (2.4 million), Salvador (2.6 million), Fortaleza (2.3 million), Recife (1.5 million), Porto Alegre (1.4 million), Curitiba - Products from the Amazon are produced in cities such as Macapa (logging) and then sold to countries all over the world -Amazon River a mode of transportation
 * Types of industry**: textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles, and other machinery equipment
 * Site factors for industry**
 * Situational factors for industry**

__//**RESOURCES USED (INDUSTRY):**//__ -https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html -http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Americas/Brazil-INDUSTRY.html -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_in_Brazil -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Brazil -cities -my knowledge- most of the site& situation factors

**Resources** -electricity- //production:// 380 TWh; //consumption://391 TWh -oil- //production:// 1.718 million barrel/day; //consumption:// 1.819 million barrel/day; //proven reserves:// 11.2 billion barrels -natural gas- //production:// 6.7 billion cubic meters; //consumption:// 15 billion cubic meters; //proven reserves:// 325 billion cubic meters -hydroelectric- 31% brazils total energy, have the biggest hydroelectric plant in the world -13% energy comes from renewable resources -conventional thermal: 4% -nuclear- 4% -oil depletion, waste from drilling, CO2 emissions - over populated cities - few problems: hydroelectric& ethanol clean for the most part - deforestation - water pollution -co2 emissions from growing amount of transportation and population -Hg water pollution from mining, and other runoff pollutions -less O2 with the destruction of rainforests and logging -27,000 species become extinct each year -7-31% global CO2 emissions -lung cancer rates higher in cities with a high concentration of pollution - nature reserves to preserve environment (20 million acres) -motorists in cities required to leave cars at home 1 day a week (lowers CO2 levels) -ban on sugarcane field burning - bigger buses and alternative fuel such as ethanol -energy obtained from renewable resources - rehabilitation and increased productivity of formerly forested lands, expansion of protected areas, development based on concepts of sustainable use of some existing forests, land policy reform and law enforcement
 * Types of energy**
 * Problems with energy**
 * Pollution issues**
 * deforestation along Amazon basin 150,000 km2 destroyed between may 200-august 2006
 * Pollution aid**

//**__RESOURCES USED (RESOURCES):__**// https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html**//__ types: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_in_Brazil problems: http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/AtmCorros/mapBrazil.htm -my knowledge -http://encarta.msn.com/media_461575331_761572256_-1_1/air_pollution_in_cubat%C3%A3o_brazil.html -http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~sergiok/brasil/brafacts.html

__**COMPARISONS**__ Peru- Peru and Brazil both have primary jobs consisting of mining and farming related practices. Both countries also have pollution (air and water) due to municipal and industrial waste and erosion. Peru has a literacy rate of 87.7% which is quite close to that of Brazil's which is 88.6%. To differ, Peru is overall a lesser developed country than Brazil. Peru has a GDP of $6,600 and Brazil has a GDP of $9,700. Life expectancy in Brazil is higher(72.24) than Peru (70.14). In additon, Peru proves that it is less developed because it has a natural increase rate of 1.289% and Brazil's is lower at 1.011%.

Nigeria- Nigeria and Brazil have many similarities and differences. To start off, the two countries have relatively the same types of primary jobs. Nigeria's main primary jobs are peanut farmer, corn farmer, cattle rancher, cocoa farmer, and rice farmer while Brazil's main primary jobs are in the mining and farming industries. Nigeria's main raw materials are natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, and coal. Brazil has in common the raw materials of iron, tin, and oil. Thirdly both coutries provide free government payed for education. On a different note, Brazil and Nigeria have very different main consumer goods with only footwear in common. Brazil's consumer goods consist of appliances, food/beverages, electronics, and cars while Nigeria's consists of ceramics, textiles, peanuts, wood, cotton, and tin. Secondly, Brazil (70) is significantly higher in HDI rank than Nigeria (158). Brazil's GDP ($9,700) is also significantly higher than Nigeria's ($2,200).

Australia- Both countries have primary jobs in the agriculture, and mining fields. Although there is a 10% gap in the literacy rates of Australia(99%) and Brazil (88.6%), both countries have higher literacy rates among the majority of the world's countries. A third similarity between Brazil and Australia is that both countries have major problems with pollution. Brazil faces major threats due to deforestation such as the extinction of species, and erosion. Brazil also has a major problem with the air pollution in industrail areas. Australia faces land, air and water pollution problems. Many industries dump their waste into bodies of water which effects all aspects of the environment. Brazil's HDI rank of 70 and score of .800 is significantly lower to that of Austraila's which has rank of 3 and a score of .962. This is one indicator that Australia is a more developed country. To add to the fact that Austraila is more developed, it has a GDP of $37,500 which is significantly higher than Brazil's $9,700. This means that in general, familes are better off in Australia than they are in Brazil. A third difference is that the life expectancy for Australia (80.62) is alot higher than Brazil's (72.24) which shows Australia is more advanced medicaly.

Modern day Brazil is a fairly successful and prosperous country. They have a free public education system which provides great opportunities for the people of the country. Their GDP and literacy rates are fairly well off although in the middle range of MDC's and LDC's. Brazil has a solid variety of primary, secondary, and tertiary jobs along with its raw materials and consumer goods. Concerning industry, Brazil has many large cities with several potential workers and business locations. Brazil also has a variety of industries to make it a successful country. Brazil does, however, face several pollution problems which makes it lacking in a clean environment.
 * __BRAZIL__**

Fifty years from now, Brazil will continue to prosper and improve itself as a country. I feel that the literacy rates will improve as gender equality and the importance of an education continue to become more important issues. Brazil has a prosperous economy which will continue to prosper in the future due to Brazil's importance in world markets such as coffee and sugar cane. I see Brazil's HDI also going up in the future and the quality of life for its citizens improving. Pollution and deforestation of the rain forests will still be an issue in the next 50 years. With Brazil becoming a more industrial country, the environment deals with the outputs of the industry which is pollution. In addition, farmers will continue to need cleared land, and so will contractors, which will lead to the increase in destruction of Brazil's rainforest and will have significant effects not only on Brazil but on the entire world.