South+Africa-Jessie+Cummins

Female: 41.66 Total: 42.45 ||
 * HDI Rank || .674 no. 121 ||
 * GDP || $10,600 ||
 * Primary Sector Jobs || 9% forestry, fishing, farming, mushroom farming, sugarcane harvesting. ||
 * Secondary Sector Jobs || 26% sugarcane farm manager, assistant farm manager, landscape designer, dairy manager, technician. ||
 * Tertiary Sector Jobs || 65% teacher, sales, stocks, accountant, tourism. ||
 * Raw Materials || Gold, diamonds, platinum, natural gas, oil ||
 * Consumer Goods || Cars, wine, TV, clothing, cellular phones, cultural foods, medicine. ||
 * Education || The youth literacy rate is 94%. The ratio of internet users for children is 11/1000 students. 80% of the children go to school. ||
 * Literacy || 86.4 % ||
 * Life Expectancy || Male: 43.21
 * Infant Mortality Rate || 59.4/1000 ||
 * Natural Increase Rate || -.46% ||
 * Crude Birth Rate || 17.94/1000 births. ||
 * GDI Rank and factors || Rank: 121. There are more men than women in the country, the average life expectancy for women is 2 years less than men, and the literacy rate for women is 85.7% while men is 87%. There are only 12.3 million students in the country out of a population of 43 million. Neither sexes are really prospering with education. ||

**Industry** Inexpensive labor Good commercial trade Good farming climate Urban cities and many markets || No major rivers Ocean used to go to either sides of Africa Many neighboring countries No neighboring MDCs. || **Resources** 5th biggest uranium reserves used by the Nuclear Fuels Corporation of South Africa. No oil reserves, all oil is imported || **Sources:** For info on statistics CIA Factbook https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ Info on energy sources Energy Information Administration http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/South_Africa/Background.html Education, jobs, pollution Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa Pollution in South Africa http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/AtmCorros/mapSA.htm
 * Types of Industry || Mining, automobile, assembly, metalworking, machinery, textiles. ||
 * Site Factors for Industry || Abundant labor
 * Situational Factors for Industry || Railroads leading to major cities
 * Types of energy used by the country || Coal and Uranium
 * Problems associated with energy || Energy such as electricity is not distributed uniformly across the nation. Some areas still do not have electricity in rural towns. ||
 * Pollution issues || Mild pollution issues, just air and marine. The abundance of coal they use for electricity causes air pollution around industries. Also, oil spills are common considering they are located in a prime transportation area, so marine pollution is more of a concern. ||
 * Actions against pollution || Sponsors research for the development of synthetic fuels. ||


 * Comparisons**

1) Spain and South Africa are very different countries that hold few similarities. Spain is ranked as number 13 on the HDI scale, while South Africa is ranked as number 121. Spain has been ranked as a desirable place to live while South Africa needs some improvement. The life expectancy in Spain is 79.78 years, while on the other hand South Africa is 42.45. Spain has nearly double the life expectancy. Also, Spain’s infant mortality rate is drastically lower as 4.31/1000 babies, than South Africa’s 59.4/1000 babies. Also, the average GDP for each individual country is drastically different ($33,700, vs. $10,600). However, both countries have access to neighboring countries and bodies of water that are prime for transporting. Also, both countries have water pollution problems that awareness is being raised for. 2) Chile has more things in common with South Africa then Spain does. Although their HDI rank is 40, their GDP is very low and similar to South Africa’s ($8,900 compared to $10,600). Also, Chile uses coal, natural gas, and oil, similarly to South Africa. As for pollution, both countries have problems with keeping the air clean, though Chile’s situation appears to be worse. However, Chile is a far superior country compared to South Africa when analyzing their literacy rates. Chile has a national literacy rate of 95.7% while South Africa is only 86.4%. The education in Chile is free for the first eight years of school, which may explain the literacy rate, while South Africa barely has any education to offer. Furthermore, Chile has more access to the ocean than South Africa does and they mostly rely on hydroelectric power. South Africa has yet to use their advantage and right now they’re relying on coal and other natural resources.

3) One country that is very similar to South Africa is India, in relation to mixed signals whether the country is developed or not. India is at a lower HDI than South Africa, which is 128 rather than 121. Also, India has a literacy rate of 61% as opposed to 86.4% in South Africa. The booming population in India hinders a well paying job to the average worker, so their GDP is 2,700 as opposed to South Africa’s 10,600. At the same time, India holds more opportunities with jobs and land than South Africa does. India may have a booming population, but the more people there is, the more jobs are created. South Africa does not work the same way since there are so many rural towns that hold no technology or electricity, while India is sprouting cities and expanding markets. While India holds the lower rank for GDI (96), they hold the larger reputation for treating women unequally and can be accounted for not educating them properly. South Africa’s GDI is 121, women’s life expectancy is shorter and their literacy statistic is lower. Nevertheless, India and South Africa are similarly connected by their energy use of coal and oil, and their concern for air and water pollution.

4)South Africa is a changing state with some major problems. Disease and unsanitary conditions led the country to an average life expectancy of 42 years and an natural increase rate in the negatives. So much death from disease led to less productivity, which in turn caused it to be a less developed country. The small percentage of wealthy people and commercialism is saving this country from being completely hopeless. It seems that lately South Africa is trying to crawl up from it's position to be a part of the market with their commercial crop exports, but that cannot be accounted for the numbers of impoverished people living in the countryside with no food, no electricity, and no forms of technology. These people are dragging the country behind as the rich get richer and the poor stay poor. 5) In 50 years, South Africa can go in two directions. The first possibility is to continue how the country is developing today and split into two classes, the rich and the poor. The rich today are developing the government, trying to balance the economy, and conducting world trade. None of these things are bad, especially if they're planning on becoming a more developed country, but the rich are taking off on a flight that the poor are not a part of. If their actions today continue, there will be a major break in social classes and the country will not improve any further when there is such an enormous amount of poverty. The second way South Africa can be in 50 years is similar to India's situation. The country could pull together a massive effort to balance the economy and get people on their feet and working. Jobs could be made and progress could be achieved slowly. Poverty will not be extinct, but managable. The country will put more effort into making jobs and becoming safer in the medical field. However, South Africa will remain less developed than an MDC and better than an LDC, making them a "middle class" country between the developed and less developed countries. South Africa is not perspiring to join the race with the MDC's today, but they could collect themselves and start to clean up their act.