Italy-Josh+Carapezza

__**HDI Rank:**__ .941 ranked 20th __**GDP:**__ $28529 __**Primary Sector Jobs:**__ 1. Farming fruits (apples, oranges, pears, apricots, peaches), vegetables 2. Farming durum wheat 3. Mining naturual gas reserves 4. Herding livestock 5. Mining minerals __**Secondary Sector Jobs:**__ 1. Wine Industry 2. Shoe Industry 3. Wheat Processing 4. Car lndustry 5. Clothing Industry __**Tertiary Sector Jobs:**__ 1. School Teachers 2. Travel Agency 3. Tourist Industry 4. Medical Field 5. Army __**Raw Materials:**__ Crude Oil Natural Gas Coal Fish Potash __**Consumer Goods:**__ Wine Shoes Leather goods automobile industry textile violins televisions computers clothing tobacco and beverage products __**Education:**__ The Casati Act was passed in 1859 which called for a state-wide school system. This law gave control of primary education to the single towns, of secondary education to the counties, and the universities were managed by the State. For a college eduaction the "nuovo ordinamento" consisted of //Laurea triennale//, a three-year degree, bachelor degree, was followed by the 2-year Laurea specialistica which is a Master's Degree. "A credit system was established to quantify the amount of work needed by each course and exam (25 work hours = 1 credit), as well as enhance the possibility to change course of studies or to continue studies in a foreign country after the first 3 years." __**Literacy:**__ 98.4% __**Life Expectancy male:**__ 77.01 female: 83.07 total: 79.94 **__Infant Mortality Rate:__** 5.72/1000 live births __**Natural Increase Rate:**__ .1 per 1000 __**Crude Birth Rate:**__ 8.54 births/1,000 population __**GDI Rank and the factors that influence the ranking:**__ 17th 0.936. In general, women are treated quite fairly in Italy. Italy has a high ranking in HDI and is considered a MDC. Women are allowed the chance to go to school for what they want and are able to obtain the same jobs as men. The literacy rate for women is very high at 98.4 and is the same for men so women receive an equal education as men and are given the same chances as men are in a MDC so succeed at whatever choose to pursue. __**Industry** __**Site factors for industry:**__
 * Josh Carapezza: Italy**
 * Types of industry found in the country:**__ textile, automobile, tourism, iron and steel, chemicals, footwear, food processing
 * Italy is located near several poor LDC where several illegal immigrants from different countries in Africa and Asia seek a better life. These immigrants find low paying jobs in the factories of Northern Italy.
 * Northern Italy, made up largely of a vast plain is pefect for textile industry and several others that make it the main industry region of Italy.
 * In contrast, 75% of Italy is mountainous or hilly, and roughly 20% of the country is forested which creates a problem for major industries.
 * A positive factor for hilly geography is that wine industries are able to flourish on the rich farmland. Northern Italy also has a flourishing tourist trade on the Italian Riviera.
 * Most of Italy contains a Mediterranean climate with Sicily's subtropic as well as great scenic beauty which provides excellent business for the tourism industry.

__**Situational factors for industry:**__
 * Most of Italy contains mountain ranges and hills so transportation is costly throughout these areas.
 * There are several resources such as iron and steel and potash in the north so the location of industry is closer to heavier resources.
 * Italy contains a booming economy so there is no problem for industry to locate near he market.
 * Italy does have much rich farmland and several private family owned companies are able to situate there company near their resources but the market are farther away.
 * Italy's main consumer goods such as leather goods and wine are not perishable so these goods do not need a costly type of transportation.


 * __Resources:__** 47% oil consumption 35% natural gas consumption 8% coal consumption 5% hydroelectricity


 * __Problems associated with energy in the country:__** Italy has few domestic resources or resources that they can use as energy that are located in their country so they are highly dependent on importing oil and natural gas for energy use. Italy is the fourth l;argest country in the Europena Union that consumes oil and they still contain a high dependency on oil. The high oil consumption produces air pollution and high amounts of sulfur oixide in the air which also produces acid rain which harms their farmland and forests. Northern Italy with it's high percentage of industry causes much pollution near the mountians and pollutes the river water.
 * __Pollution issues:__** Ships dump waste and cause water pollution in the Mediterranian. Also farm irrigation and the use of chemicals on crops drain into rivers and cause acid rain and unsanitary water.


 * __What your country is doing to stave off pollution:__** Italy has set limits for oxide emmitions. The government also inpects the use of farm chemicals and the process of safely disposing of these chemicals. The law of the Sea where ships are not permitted to committ marine dumping.

Spain is very similar to Italy in several regards. Both countries are ranked in the top 20 of the HDI Index. Also both countries literacy rates are very high between 97-98% and have excellent education programs. Both countries are highly dependent on fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas for consumption as energy. The industries throughout both countries are alike in that they produce many luxury consumer goods such as electronics, televisions and high style clothing. However, Spain does not have the same physical geography of Italy in that Italy contains more mountain ranges and hills therefore the industry is concentrated in parts of the country such as the north whereas Spain’s industry is dispersed. Spain also has a higher GDP of $33,700 compared to Italy’s $28,529.

The UK is similar to Italy for various reasons. The UK and Italy have a high literacy rate between 98-99%. Both countries contain similar industries such as automobile, tourism, and textile. Most of the consumer goods in both countries are considered luxury goods such as computers, televisions, and high end clothing. Both countries have a high GDP and are able to spend money on these items. Also Italy and the UK are in high consumption of oil as a source of energy and are dependent on it being imported into their country. Italy contains more farmland and less dispersed industry as opposed to England’s concentrated industry and transportation systems.

The country of Turkey is in stark contrast to the country of Italy. First of all the HDI ranking of Turkey is 84 and Italy is 20. One can conclude from just the HDI ranking that the countries economies are quiet different. Turkey has a lower literacy rate of 87.4 and the life expectancy of people in Turkey is 72.88. The GDP of Turkey is 8,900. Italy is higher in every category by a significant amount. One can conclude from this information that Italy has better jobs that bring in better incomes for families. The higher the income the more luxury items families are able to buy. Also, Italy has a higher literacy rate so the people in Italy have better educations and therefore create better jobs and more opportunities. One major similarity between Italy and Turkey is that both countries must import a majority of their energy.

Italy is an overall wealthy and good-standing country. Italy contains a high literacy rate so almost every child receives a primary and secondary education and college. These children become adults that are able to find decent jobs and create more jobs and support themselves and compete in the world’s economy. The family’s wealth is seen in their fairly decent GDP of $28,529. The higher GDP allows families to not only support and sustain themselves but also have extra money to spend on luxury items which also helps strengthen the economy. Italy produces several of these luxury goods such as leather goods, some of the world’s best wine, automobiles, and high end fashion and clothing. The citizens of Italy also enjoy long and healthy lives with a life expectancy of 83.07 years. One problem though with Italy’s economy is that there is a growing problem with illegal immigrants upon which industries in Northern Italy take advantage of the cheap labor. This cheap labor causes several job cuts of the citizens of Italy and many locals become angry and even hostile towards these immigrants. Italy also faces a problem that most every country is facing or will soon face and that is a shortage of energy sources, specifically oil and natural gas. Italy is not independent of importing these sources from other countries and therefore constricts their economy in this regard. Italy does contain several tourist attractions such as the Alps, ancient ruins of Rome, The Bay of Naples and Mt. Vesuvius, and the hills of Tuscany which enhance their reputation and economy. With Italy’s GDI ranking of 17, women are treated quite fairly in Italy and are given the right to pursue any job or standing in their country. One of Italy’s problems with pollution is water pollution in the rivers from chemicals of privately owned farms which pollute rivers and also causes acid rain which detracts from the environment.

Overall Italy will have not changed in the near future. Italy will probably only have two changes in the near future. One change Italy will face is either the control or the increase of illegal immigrants taking advantage of the cheap labor offers in Northern Italy. If Italy does not control the illegal immigrants several local Italians will remain without a job and crime will increase due to angry citizens. Another change that Italy will face is the decrease in oil and natural gas consumption. Not only Italy but the rest of the world will have to face this change sooner or later because these fossil fuels are not renewable resources. Italy will have to switch to other options such as solar, nuclear, or hydro-electric.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0858950.html http://hdrstats.undp.org/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_ITA.html https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/it.html http://hdrstats.undp.org/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_ITA.html http://indexmundi.com/italy/ http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Italy/Background.html
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