Indonesia-Annette+Miles

Indonesia ** HDI Rank: ** .728 (#107) **Types of Industry:** Automobile, Textile, Footwear, Rubber, Ceramic, Petroleum, and Electronics **Site Factors for Industry:** 1) Large local market (4th largest country) 2) Significant foreign market 3) Islands, so water routes for shipping 4) Islands , so shipping more complex within the country 5) Resources include palm oil, rubber, and petroleum, all important exports **Situation Factors:** 1) Good industrial land limited to a few major islands 2) Lots of unskilled laborers for textile and similar industries 3) Enough skilled laborers for the electronic industries 4) Limited capital because the economy is suffering after the Asian Financial Crisis **Types of Energy:** Indonesia ’s energy use is 47% oil, 30% natural gas, 20% coal, and 3% hydroelectric and geothermal power. In terms of electricity, 87% comes from burning coal and natural gas. The country recently began using more oil and natural, ad less oil, to try to conserve oil. 8% of electricity comes from hydroelectric plants, and 5% comes from geothermal and solar energy.  **Energy Related Problems:** After the Asian Financial Crisis, Indonesia has had to sell electricity for less than it costs to make it. There are also significant amounts of air and water pollution from liquid and gaseous waste of chemical, petroleum, coal, plastic, and rubber industries. Most of the liquid waste from the factories is dumped untreated into rivers. Deforestation has also been linked with industrial runoff. **Pollution:** Water pollution is bad in Indonesia, with 90% of Jakarta ’s (the main island’s) wells polluted by domestic waste because less than 3% of the island’s population is connected to a sewage system. However, air pollution is the worst. Most cars still use diesel fuel or leaded gasoline, leading to major health problems. One third of all children have brain damaging levels of lead in their blood. The air also contains high levels of carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. **Efforts to Fight Pollution:** Indonesia tried to place a ban on leaded gasoline, but was unsuccessful because they didn’t have enough funds. Indonesia is also starting to use renewable energy sources such as water for hydroelectric power, the sun for solar power, and thermal flares for geothermal power.
 * GDP: ** $3,900
 * Primary Sector Jobs: ** Farming, Forestry, Mining, Petroleum Drilling, and Livestock
 * Secondary Sector Jobs: ** Oil Refining; Textile, Rubber, Footwear, and Appliance Manufacturing
 * Tertiary Sector Jobs: ** Tourist Agencies, Employment Agencies, Teaching, Maid Services, Public Service Occupations
 * Raw Materials: ** Palm Oil, Rubber, Rice, Coffee, Petroleum, Natural Gas
 * Consumer Goods: ** Footwear, Clothing, Cosmetics, Toiletries, Electronics, Processed Foods, Appliances, Fragrances, and Books
 * Education: ** Every citizen is required to have 9 years of education, 6 in Elementary School and 3 in Middle School. Then there are High Schools and Post Secondary Schools available, however, there are not many of them. There are less than 9,000 High Schools for the entire country (which has the 4th largest population in the world). In addition, women are less educated than men in Indonesia.
 * Literacy Rate: ** 90.4%
 * Life Expectancy: ** Male: 67.69 yrs; Female: 72.76 yrs; Total: 70.16 yrs
 * Infant Mortality Rate: ** 32.14 per 1,000 live births
 * Natural Increase Rate: ** 1.213%
 * Crude Birth Rate: ** 19.65 per 1,000 population
 * GDI Rank and Factors: ** .721; Indonesia is 86.1% Muslim, so women have much less importance in society than men, and face poverty, violence, and injustice daily. Only 45 out of 462 Members of Parliament are women. Women hold 8.8% of Legislative Assembly seats, and hold only 2.3% of village government leadership positions. Although there are more women than men in the country, only 45% of women are involved in the work force, compared to 73.5% of men. Also, women make 70.3% of what men make. As far as education is concerned, women receive the 9 required years of education; however, they rarely continue on to secondary and post secondary education. This is because in Indonesia, further education is expensive and requires traveling. Parents won’t let their daughters travel the distances to get to schools because it isn’t safe for them, and if the family has any sons, the sons receive the expensive education while the daughters fulfill their traditional roles in the home.
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>Although women are lower class citizens in both countries, they are treated much more poorly in Ethiopia, thus the GDI rank in Indonesia is significantly higher (.721 instead of .393) >Indonesia and Ethiopia use the same types of energy and have the same problem with leaded gasoline >Demographically, Indonesia is much more developed than Ethiopia. Indonesia has a significantly higher literacy rate, lower infant mortality rate, lower crude birth rate, lower natural increase rate, and longer life expectancy
 * Country Analysis:**
 * Indonesia vs. Ethiopia**

>Japan has a much higher HDI rank (.953 versus .728) >Japan's GDP is almost ten times as much as Indonesia's >Demographically, Japan is more developed than Indonesia. Indonesia has a significantly higher infant mortality rate, higher crude birth rate, higher natural increase rate, shorter life expectancy, and lower literacy rate
 * Indonesia vs. Japan**

>Indonesia's HDI and literacy rate are significantly higher, and the natural increase rate is lower >GDP and life expectancy are slightly higher in Indonesia than in India, and infant mortality rate and crude birth rate are slightly lower in Indonesia than in India, thus the countries are demographically similar >Both have access to Indian Ocean trade routes
 * Indonesia vs. India**

Indonesia is currently a less developed country with a poor economy and very poor infrastructure. Pollution is alos bad in Indonesia, but attempts are being made to lessen pollution and renewable resources are being successfully utilized. Industry is also doing relatively well in Indonesia, although the GDP is relatively low. Women are also doing fairly well considering that it's a Muslim country. Indonesia's greatest asset now is its high literacy rate due to the recent law requiring 9 years of education. This means Indonesia is setting itself up to become more developed than it is now.
 * Indonesia's current position in the world :**

In 50 years, Indonesia will probably be significantly more developed than it is now. The increase in the literacy rate reflects an increase in the number of educated people which will definitely improve the country as education is one of the most important characteristics of an educated country. Hopefully, the increase in education will lead to improvement of the infrastructure of Indonesia which is another major characteristic of a developed country. Another possible result of the increase in education could be a better organized government with a successful plan to strengthen the economy which is suffering after the Asian Financial Crisis. The condition of women is not likely to improve much because of cultural beliefs and social customs, but overall, the country should improve.
 * Indonesia's Future:**

Sources:      <[|http://www.wikipedia.org.wiki.Education_in_Indonesia]>    